His main work is Ferdaws al-Hekmah “The Paradise of Wisdom,” which contains seven parts, 30 assays and 360 chapters. HISTORY OF ISLAMIC MEDICINE IN THE EAST SECTION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION 2.1 Some of the Great Physicians of Islamic Civilization before the Mongol Invasion Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Rabban Tabari (192 247 AH/807 861 AD), was the first great physician of Islam and Iran. THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC MEDICINE AT A GLANCEĢ. This manuscript has been dedicated to Professor Hasan Tadjbakhsh due to his extensive works on the History of Islamic Medicine. During the Abbaˆsid era between the eighth and tenth centuries AD, great physicians of the medical school of Jundishapur, who were mostly Iranians, translated the ancient medical books from Greek, Syriac, Pahlavi Persian, Sanskrit and other languages into Arabic by some famous translators such as John Grammaticus, Aaron Alexandrian, Sergius of Rechina, Issa ibn Sahar Boxt, Sabet ibn Qorrah, Qusta ibn Luqa of Heliopolis, Sahl ibn Shapur, 1 In the world of Islam, the Muslim physicians or other medicinal practitioners found a very congenial atmosphere in which to conduct medical research and teach medicine, which they inherited from Greece and ancient Iran. Latin translations of Arabic medical works had a significant influence on the development of modern medicine, as did Arabic texts chronicling the medical works of earlier cultures. Some consider the label “Arab-Islamic” as historically inaccurate, arguing that this label does not appreciate the rich diversity of Eastern scholars who have contributed to Islamic science in this era. Despite these names, a significant number of scientists during this period were not Arab. In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine or Arabic medicine refers to medicines developed in the medieval Islamic civilization and written about in Arabic, the lingua franca of the Islamic civilization. In this chapter the two main parts of Islamic medicine, namely Islamic medicine in the east section of the geographic extent of the Islamic civilization and current medicine in the west section of this civilization, will be discussed, and in the end a summary of the condition of hospitals in this civilization will be mentioned. As such, Islamic Spain also made valuable contributions to medicine by introducing scientists like Abu alQaˆssem al-Zahrawi. Therefore, Islamic medicine is synonymous with Iranian medicine. Medicine in the rest of the world of Islam also owes its existence and perfection to these masters.
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Since the majority of books are in Arabic, it is called Arabic medicine in the west, but it is crystal clear that the great masters and founders of Islamic medicine, or better to say, the four pillars of this science, namely Ali ibn Rabban Tabari, Rhazes, Majoussi Ahwazi, and Avicenna, were all Iranian nationals. Meanwhile, a sort of medicine emerged which is known as Islamic medicine. They found defects in these books, removed the faults, and perfected them through experience, revision and practice. Shapur ibn Sahl, Ibn Serapion, al-Kendy1 6 and members of some families such as the Boxtishu (the servant of Christ), Massarjuyah, Hunayn, Karkhy, Massuyah, and Sinan Families.1 7 After translation of medical books from the ancient world, known as the Greek medicine, but also owing its development to ancient Iranian medicine, the Muslim physicians scrutinized these works. 3 The History of Islamic Medicine at a Glance1 Zahra Tayarani-Najaran*, Nilufar Tayarani-Najaran† and Seyed Ahmad Emami‡ *Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran †Department of Dental Prosthesis, School of Dentistry, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ‡Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran